Teaching Pronunciation
Pronunciation involves far more than individual sounds. Word
stress, sentence stress, intonation, and word linking all influence the sound
of spoken English, not to mention the way we often slur words and phrases
together in casual speech. 'What are you going to do?' becomes 'Whaddaya gonna
do?' English pronunciation involves too many complexities for learners to
strive for a complete elimination of accent, but improving pronunciation will
boost self esteem, facilitate communication, and possibly lead to a better job
or a least more respect in the workplace. Effective communication is of
greatest importance, so choose first to work on problems that significantly
hinder communication and let the rest go. Remember that your students also need
to learn strategies for dealing with misunderstandings, since native
pronunciation is for most an unrealistic goal.
How to Teach Pronunciation to ESL Learners
Pronunciation often gets ignored over grammar and vocabulary in
ESL programs. However, it is just as important because with bad or garbled
pronunciation, the spoken message gets lost. “I think” becomes “I sink,” to
give a common example. With ESL learners across the world, each country and
culture has its own verbal albatross. Here is how can you can begin to use
pronunciation for your students’ needs.
Instructions
1.Get to understand why English words can be so problematic for
non-native speakers of English to pronounce. Understanding this difficulty from
your students' point of view will better equip you to help them overcome it.
2 .Obtain phonetic charts that have symbols of the International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). These charts are available from teaching supply
companies and books such as those in the English File series. Hang this up in
your class, and familiarize your students with the pronunciation symbols. You
can use these charts to teach pronunciation by helping your students understand
the sounds that they get wrong, as well as the correct sounds for a given word
or similar words.
3 .Keep your lessons as informal as possible. Students might initially
be shy about pronunciation. By using fun, silly activities, it creates a more
relaxed, effective atmosphere than strict practice. Tongue twisters are one
such fun activity. See the Resources section for a link.
4 .Use syllable races as an exercise to teach pronunciation. Get a
"Snakes and Ladders" board game, and then prepare flash cards that
each have a one-syllable, two- or three-syllable word written on it. Instead of
throwing a dice, each player will draw a card and if she pronounces the word
correctly, she gets to move as many spaces on the board as there are syllables
in the word on the flash card. The winner is the player who gets to the end
first.
5 .Get familiar with the different elements of the spoken word--word
stress, minimal pairs, pronunciation, intonation and sentence stress--so that
you will be able to explain them and be able to create your own lessons geared
towards what your students find difficult.
6 .Use a feather to demonstrate the difference between aspirated and
un-aspirated sounds, by holding it right in front of your lips as you say the
word.
7 .Help your students differentiate between minimal pairs by reading
phrases for them to draw. For example, have them draw sketches that depict:
"A ship’s on the sea" and "A sheep’s on the shore."
How to Pronounce -ed in
English
The past
simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs
end in -ed. For example:
base verb
(v1)
|
past simple
(v2)
|
past participle
(v3)
|
work
|
worked
|
worked
|
In addition, many adjectives are
made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:
- I like painted furniture.
The question is: How
do we pronounce the -ed?
The answer is: In
3 ways - / Id/ or / t/ or / d/
If the base verb
ends in one of thesesounds:
|
example base verb*:
|
example
with -ed:
|
pronounce
the -ed:
|
extra syllable?
|
unvoiced
|
/t/
|
want
|
|
|
yes
|
voiced
|
/d/
|
end
|
ended
|
unvoiced
|
/p/
|
hope
|
|
|
no
|
/f/
|
laugh
|
laughed
|
/s/
|
fax
|
faxed
|
/S/
|
wash
|
washed
|
/tS/
|
watch
|
watched
|
/k/
|
like
|
liked
|
voiced
|
all other sounds,
for example...
|
play
|
|
|
allow
|
allowed
|
beg
|
begged
|
* note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example,
"fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/;
"like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.
Exceptions
The following -ed
words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id/:
So we say:
- an aged man /Id/
- a blessed nuisance /Id/
- a dogged persistance /Id/
- a learned professor - the professor, who was truly
learned /Id/
- a wretched beggar - the beggar was wretched /Id/
But when used as real
verbs (past simple and past participle), the normal rules apply and we say:
- he aged quickly /d/
- he blessed me /t/
- they dogged him /d/
- he has learned well /d/ or /t/
Summarize
Teaching phonics skills is a skill
that is hard enough to pronounce, because children rarely Thailand most
technically correct pronunciation. Therefore, teachers need to focus on each
student and must be carefully taught. Teachers must teach students to practice
pronunciation, vocabulary regularly